LAMP

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This article describes how to set up the Apache web server on an Arch Linux system. It also tells how to optionally install PHP and MySQL and integrate these in the Apache server. This combination is commonly referred to as LAMP (Linux Apache MySQL PHP).

If you only need a web server for development and testing, Xampp might be a better and easier option.

Contents

Installation

# pacman -S apache php php-apache mysql

This document assumes you will install Apache, PHP and MySQL together. If desired however, you may install Apache, PHP, and MySQL separately and simply refer to the relevant sections below.

Note: New default user and group: Instead of group "nobody", apache now runs as user/group "http" by default. You might want to adjust your httpd.conf according to this change, though you may still run httpd as nobody.

Configuration

Apache

For security reasons, as soon as Apache is started by the root user (directly or via startup scripts) it switches to the UID/GID specified in /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

  • Check for the existence of the http user by looking for http in the output of the following command:
 # cat /etc/shadow
  • Create the system user http if it does not exist already:
 # useradd -d /srv/http -r -s /bin/false -U http
This creates the http user with home directory /srv/http/, as a system account (-r), with a bogus shell (-s /bin/false) and creates a group with the same name (-U).
  • Add this line to /etc/hosts (If the file does not exist, create it.):
 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
If you want a different hostname, append it to the end:
 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost myhostname
  • Edit /etc/rc.conf: If you set a hostname, the HOSTNAME variable should be the same; otherwise, use "localhost":
 #
 # Networking
 #
 HOSTNAME="localhost"
  • Make sure the hostname appears in /etc/hosts or apache will fail to start. Alternatively, you can

edit /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf and comment the following module:

 LoadModule unique_id_module        modules/mod_unique_id.so
  • Run the following in a terminal to start the HTTP server:
 # /etc/rc.d/httpd start
Apache should now be running. Test by visiting http://localhost/ in a web browser. It should display a simple Apache test page.
  • To start Apache automatically at boot, edit /etc/rc.conf and add the httpd daemon:
 DAEMONS=(... httpd ...)
Or add this line to /etc/rc.local:
 /etc/rc.d/httpd start
  • If you want to use user directories (e.g., ~/public_html on the machine is accessed as http://localhost/~user/) to be available on the web, uncomment the following lines in /etc/httpd/conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf:
 UserDir public_html
and
 <Directory /home/*/public_html>
   AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit Indexes
   Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch ExecCGI
   <Limit GET POST OPTIONS PROPFIND>
     Order allow,deny
     Allow from all
   </Limit>
   <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS PROPFIND>
     Order deny,allow
     Deny from all
   </LimitExcept>
 </Directory>
  • You must make sure that your home directory permissions are set properly so that Apache can get there. Your home directory and ~/public_html/ must be executable for others ("rest of the world"). This seems to be enough:
 $ chmod o+x ~
 $ chmod o+x ~/public_html

There may be some other, more-secure ways of setting the permissions by creating a special group and allowing only Apache and you to enter there.

Advanced Options

These options in /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf might be interesting for you:

# Listen 80

This is the port Apache will listen to. For Internet-access with router, you have to forward the port.

# ServerAdmin sample@sample.com

This is the admin's email-address which can be found on error-pages e.g.

# DocumentRoot "/srv/http"

This is the directory where you should put your web pages. Change it, if you want to, but do not forget to change the

<Directory "/srv/http">

to whatever you changed your DocumentRoot to, or you will likely get a 403 error (lack of privileges) when you try to access the new document root. Do not forget to change the Deny from all line, otherwise you will get 403 error too.

PHP

PHP is practically available out of the box now.

  • Add these lines in /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:
Place this at the beginning of the "LoadModule" list (for some reason php5 won't work if this line is at the bottom of the "LoadModule" list):
 LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so
Place this at the end of the "Include" list:
 Include conf/extra/php5_module.conf
Note: If you do not see libphp.so in the Apache modules directory, you may have forgotten to install the php-apache package.
  • If your DocumentRoot is outside of /home/, add it to open_basedir in /etc/php/php.ini as such:
 open_basedir=/home/:/tmp/:/usr/share/pear/:/path/to/documentroot
Note: Should not be necessary anymore (18.08.2009)
Instead, add your document root as follows (this is the default):
 open_basedir=/srv/http:/home/:/tmp/:/usr/share/pear/
  • Restart the Apache service to make changes take effect:
 # /etc/rc.d/httpd restart
  • Test PHP with a simple, but very informative script:
 <?php
   phpinfo();
 ?>
  • Save this file as test.php and copy to /srv/http/ or to ~/public_html if you permitted such a configuration.
If the php instruction is not executed (you see : <html>...</html>), add this to your /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:
 AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
 AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps

Advanced options

  • Remember to add a file handler for .phtml if you need it in /etc/httpd/conf/extra/php5_module.conf:
 DirectoryIndex index.php index.phtml index.html
  • If you want the libGD module, install php-gd package and uncomment in /etc/php/php.ini:
Note: php-gd requires libpng, libjpeg, and freetype2
 ;extension=gd.so

to

 extension=gd.so
Pay attention to which extension you uncomment, as this extension is sometimes mentioned in an explanatory comment before the actual line you want to uncomment.


  • If you want to display errors to debug your php code, change this line of /etc/php/php.ini:
 display_errors=Off

to

 display_errors=On
  • If you want the mcrypt module, install php-mcrypt package and uncomment in /etc/php/php.ini:
 ;extension=mcrypt.so
to
 extension=mcrypt.so

MySQL

  • Configure MySQL as described in MySQL.
  • Edit /etc/php/php.ini (this is in /usr/etc on older systems) to uncomment the following line (By removing ;):
 ;extension=mysql.so
Caution:Some users have reported typos on this line. Please make sure that it reads ;extension=mysql.so and not ;extension=msql.so.
  • You can add minor privileged users for your web scripts by editing the tables found in the mysql database. You have to restart MySQL for changes to take effect. Do not forget to check the mysql/users table. If there is a second entry for root and your hostname is left with no password set, everybody from your host probably could gain full access. Perhaps see next section for these jobs.
  • Run in terminal:
 # /etc/rc.d/mysqld start
  • You may also need to restart Apache. Run in terminal:
 # /etc/rc.d/httpd restart
  • MySQL should now be running. Set the root password and test it by running:
 # mysqladmin -u root password password
 # mysql -u root -p
Type exit to exit from the CLI MySQL client
  • Edit /etc/rc.conf (to start MySQL at boot):
 DAEMONS=(... mysqld ...)

Or add this line to rc.local:

 /etc/rc.d/mysqld start
  • You can get the "error no. 2013: Lost Connection to mysql server during query" message instantly whenever you try to connect to the MySQL daemon by TCP/IP. This is the TCP wrappers system (tcpd), which uses the hosts_access(5) system to allow or disallow connections.
  • If you are running into this problem, be sure to add this to your /etc/hosts.allow file:
 # mysqld : ALL : ALLOW
 # mysqld-max : ALL : ALLOW
 # and similar for the other MySQL daemons.
Note: The examples above are the simplest case, telling tcpd to allow connections from anywhere. You may wish to use a more-appropriate choice of permissible sources instead of 'ALL'. Just make sure that localhost and the IP address (numeric or DNS) of the interface by which you connect are specified.
  • You might also need to edit /etc/mysql/my.cnf and comment out the skip-networking line as such:
 skip-networking

to

 #skip-networking
Tip: You may want to install phpmyadmin to work with your databases.

See also

  • MySQL - Article for MySQL
  • Xampp - Self contained web-server that supports PHP, Perl, and MySQL

External links

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