xinitrc
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An overview of the primary configuration file for the xinit (startx) program. |
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Start X at boot |
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The xinit program is used to start the X Window System server and a first client program on systems that cannot start X directly from /etc/init or in environments that use multiple window systems. The .xinitrc file is therefore a simple way to start X usually in conjunction with running the startx script directly from inittab.
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How it works
The .xinitrc file is really just one more shell script to run. It can be used to start various applications you want to associate with starting X, e.g. the X screensaver, and to set global environment variables, like MOZ_PLUGIN_PATH. It's foremost use however, is as a replacement for a display manager when on a single-user machine.
When you do not start a display manager it is important to keep in mind that the life of your X session starts and ends with the .xinitrc script. What this means is that once the script finishes, X quits regardless of whether you still have running programs (including your window manager). It is therefore important that the window manager quitting and X quitting should coincide. This is usually achieved by running the window manager as the last thing in the .xinitrc script, e.g.:
#!/bin/sh /usr/bin/autocutsel -fork & /usr/bin/autocutsel -selection PRIMARY -fork & /usr/local/bin/urxvtd -q -f -o & /usr/bin/xscreensaver -no-splash & /usr/lib/notification-daemon/notification-daemon & export MOZ_PLUGIN_PATH="/usr/lib/mozilla/plugins:/opt/mozilla/lib/plugins" exec openbox-session
Notice that applications such as autocutsel, xscreensaver, urxvtd, and notification-daemon are run in the background (& appendage). Otherwise the script would halt and wait for the programs and daemons to quit before continuing to export the variable line and executing openbox-session.
The openbox-session line starting an Openbox session however, is not backgrounded. This ensures that the script will not quit until Openbox does. If you run the startx script manually, ending the script will terminate X and leave you with whatever virtual consoles your inittab has started.
If you're running it from inittab and have set the line to 'respawn' (rather than 'once'), .xinitrc will be run again. This way you can restart X without having to restart the computer.
A standard .xinitrc
Using this template you can simply uncomment your choice, e.g. GNOME:
#!/bin/sh # # ~/.xinitrc # # Executed by startx (run your window manager from here) # # exec ion # exec jwm # exec wmaker # exec startkde # exec icewm # exec blackbox exec gnome-session # exec startfluxbox # exec startxfce4 # exec xfce4-session # exec openbox # exec startlxde
Multiple DE options
On the command line
If you have a working .xinitrc, but just want to try other WM/DE you can run xinit from command line like this
xinit /full/path/to/window-manager
The full path is required. Optionally you can pass options to X server after '--', e.g.
xinit /usr/bin/enlightenment -- -br +bs -dpi 96
At startup
You can also have a choice of window managers and desktop environments at startup, using just .xinitrc and GRUB and no display manager. The idea is to take advantage of the fact that Arch doesn't make any particular use of the runlevel system. The following .xinitrc tests for the current runlevel and will start Openbox and GNOME on runlevels 5 and 4 respectively:
rl=$(runlevel | grep -o [0-6]) case $rl in 4) exec gnome-session;; 5) exec openbox-session;; esac
Choosing between different runlevels is simply a matter of cloning a GRUB entry and adding the desired runlevel to the kernel arguments. Inserting the runlevel at the end of the 'kernel' line indicates that the inittab default of runlevel 5 should be overridden and replaced with the desired runlevel, 4 in this instance:
title Arch Linux GNOME root (hd0,2) kernel /boot/vmlinuz26 root=/dev/sda1 ro 4 initrd /boot/kernel26.img
Finally, you will need to ensure that the .xinitrc file is actually run at the chosen runlevel. Using the tip from Start X at boot#/etc/inittab, you can edit the inittab to simply run startx on the desired runlevel which will in turn use your .xinitrc script:
x:45:once:/bin/su PREFERED_USER -l -c "/bin/bash --login -c startx >/dev/null 2>&1"
Notice that "45" means that this will happen on both runlevels 4 and 5. The final differentiation between 4 and 5 will then come in .xinitrc as described above. This is preferable to attempt differentiating in the inittab file as we stick pretty close to using the various configuration files as they were intended.